the appendix, an acceptable substitute for all segments of both ureters: a report of two cases

there are occasional reports of using the appendix to replace sections of the ureters, and to our knowledge, only a couple of them were in the left side. we used the appendix as a ureteral substitute in two cases in technically difficult parts, the upper left ureter and the first part of the right ureter. follow-ups of8 years and 6 months in right and left side cases, respectively, are impressive with maintenance of patency and improving renal function. we believe that the use of the appendix is a valuable alternative to substitute all segments of both ureters, with good results.